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                <h1 id="死信队列"><a href="#死信队列" class="headerlink" title="死信队列"></a>死信队列</h1><p>​    </p>
<h2 id="概念和使用场景"><a href="#概念和使用场景" class="headerlink" title="概念和使用场景"></a>概念和使用场景</h2><p><strong>概念</strong>：一般来说，producer将消息投递到broker或者直接到queue里，consumer从queue取出消息进行消费，但某些时候<strong>由于特定的原因导致queue中和某些消息无法被消费</strong>，这样的消息没有后续的处理，<strong>消息就变成了死信</strong>，有死信自然就有了死信队列。</p>
<p>​    <strong>应用场景</strong>：为了保证订单云业务的数据不丢失，需要使用到RabbitMQ的死信队列机制，当消息消费发生异常时，将消息投入死信队列中。比如：用户在商城下单成功并点击去支付后再指定时间未支付时自动失效。</p>
<h2 id="死信的来源"><a href="#死信的来源" class="headerlink" title="死信的来源"></a>死信的来源</h2><p>1.消息TTL过期。</p>
<p>2.队列达到最大长度。（队列满了，无法再添加数据到mq中）。</p>
<p>3.消息被拒绝。（basic.reject或basic.nack）并且requeue=false（不许重入队）。</p>
<h2 id="死信架构图"><a href="#死信架构图" class="headerlink" title="死信架构图"></a>死信架构图</h2><p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BF%A1%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84%E5%9B%BE.png" alt="image-20220405154300016"></p>
<h2 id="核心代码"><a href="#核心代码" class="headerlink" title="核心代码"></a>核心代码</h2><p><strong>TLL时间超时情况</strong></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;生成者

&#x2F;&#x2F;设置消息的TLL时间
AMQP.BasicProperties properties &#x3D; new 
AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration(&quot;10000&quot;).build();

&#x2F;&#x2F;第三个参数就是刚刚设置过期时间的对象
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, &quot;zhangsan&quot;, properties, 
message.getBytes());<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;消费者c1
&#x2F;&#x2F;c1需要绑定普通队列和交换机，绑定死信交换机和死信队列，绑定普通队列和死信交换机，利用hashmap键值对绑定。

 private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE &#x3D; &quot;normal_exchange&quot;;
 &#x2F;&#x2F;死信交换机名称
 private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE &#x3D; &quot;dead_exchange&quot;;

 &#x2F;&#x2F;声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 direct
 channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
 channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

 &#x2F;&#x2F;声明死信队列
 String deadQueue &#x3D; &quot;dead-queue&quot;;
 channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
 
&#x2F;&#x2F;正常队列绑定死信队列信息（核心）
 Map&lt;String, Object&gt; params &#x3D; new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
&#x2F;&#x2F;正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值
 params.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-exchange&quot;, DEAD_EXCHANGE);
 &#x2F;&#x2F;正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值
 params.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-routing-key&quot;, &quot;lisi&quot;);
&#x2F;&#x2F;绑定正常队列和死信交换机（包括上面写的routing-key）
 String normalQueue &#x3D; &quot;normal-queue&quot;;
 channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);


 &#x2F;&#x2F;死信队列绑定死信交换机与 routingkey
 channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, &quot;lisi&quot;);
 channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, &quot;zhangsan&quot;);
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;消费者C2
&#x2F;&#x2F;c2只需要处理死信交换机中的消息

channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
 String deadQueue &#x3D; &quot;dead-queue&quot;;
 channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
 channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, &quot;lisi&quot;);

channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -&gt;&#123;&#125;);<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>2.队列达到最大长度</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;只需要在c1的普通队列绑定死信交换机中设置参数
Map&lt;String,Object&gt; params&#x3D; new HashMap&lt;&gt;();
params.put(&quot;x-max-length&quot;,6);  &#x2F;&#x2F;需要多大长度设置<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>3.消息被拒成为死信</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;在c1消费者接受消息的时候选择匹配不合适的消息进行拒绝

DeliverCallback deliverCallback &#x3D; (consumerTag, delivery) -&gt; &#123;
    String message &#x3D; new String(delivery.getBody(), &quot;UTF-8&quot;);
    if(message.equals(&quot;info5&quot;))&#123;
        System.out.println(&quot;Consumer01 接收到消息&quot; + message + &quot;并拒绝签收该消息&quot;);
        
        &#x2F;&#x2F;requeue 设置为 false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中
        channel.basicReject(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        
    &#125;else &#123;
        System.out.println(&quot;Consumer01 接收到消息&quot;+message);
        
        channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        
    &#125;
&#125;;
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>





<h1 id="延迟队列"><a href="#延迟队列" class="headerlink" title="延迟队列"></a>延迟队列</h1><h2 id="概念和使用场景-1"><a href="#概念和使用场景-1" class="headerlink" title="概念和使用场景"></a>概念和使用场景</h2><p>概念：延时队列，<strong>队列内部是有序的</strong>，最重要的特性就体现在它的延时属性上，延时队列中的元素最希望<strong>在指定时间到了以后或之前取出和处理</strong>。简单来说，<strong>延时队列就是用来存放需要在指定时间被处理的元素的队列。</strong></p>
<p><strong>使用场景</strong></p>
<p>1.订单在十分钟内未支付自动取消。</p>
<p>2.新创建的店铺，如果在十天内都没有上传过商品，则自动发消息提醒。</p>
<p>3.用户注册成功后，如果三天内没有登录则进行短信提醒。</p>
<p>4.用户发起退款，如果三天内没有得到处理则通知相关运营人员。</p>
<p>5.预定会议后，需要在预定的时间点前十分钟通知各个与会人员参加会议。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/%E8%B6%85%E6%97%B6%E8%AE%A2%E5%8D%95%E6%98%AF%E5%90%A6%E4%BB%98%E6%AC%BE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84.png" alt="image-20220410144659988"></p>
<h2 id="RabbitMQ的TTL"><a href="#RabbitMQ的TTL" class="headerlink" title="RabbitMQ的TTL"></a>RabbitMQ的TTL</h2><p>TTL是RabbitMQ中一个消息或者队列的属性，表面一条消息或者该队列中所有消息的最大存活时间。单位是ms，如果一条消息被设置了TTL属性或者进入了有TTL属性的队列，那么这条消息如果没有在TTL时间内被消费就会变成“死信”。如果队列和消息都被设置了TTL那么谁小谁优先。</p>
<p>//消息设置TTL</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AETTL.png" alt="image-20220410145305445"></p>
<p>//队列设置TTL</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AETTL.png" alt="image-20220410145325934"></p>
<p>两种设置TTL的区别</p>
<p>第一种设置TTL值，如果消息一旦过期就会被队列丢弃（或者进入死信）。但是第二种方式，消息即时过期，也不一定会被马上丢弃，因为<strong>消息是否过期在即将投递到消费者之前判定</strong>的，如果当前队列有严重的消息积压情况，则已过期的消息也许还能存活较长时间。</p>
<p><em><strong>注意：如果不设置TTL，表示消息永远不会过期。如果将TTL设置为0，表示除非此时直接投递到消息到消费者，否则该消息将会被丢弃。</strong></em></p>
<h2 id="springboot结合RabbitMQ"><a href="#springboot结合RabbitMQ" class="headerlink" title="springboot结合RabbitMQ"></a>springboot结合RabbitMQ</h2><p><em>我只想说springboot融合也太简单了，我前面的语法又白学了。靠！！！</em></p>
<p>1.创建springboot项目。</p>
<p>2.添加依赖并修改配置文件。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">spring.rabbitmq.host&#x3D;120.26.69.90
spring.rabbitmq.port&#x3D;5672
spring.rabbitmq.username&#x3D;guest
spring.rabbitmq.password&#x3D;guest<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>3.写一个rabbitmq的配置类，包括什么队列，交换机，还有交换机绑定等操作</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">@Configuration
public class TtlQueueConfig &#123;

    public static final String X_EXCHANGE &#x3D; &quot;X&quot;;
    public static final String QUEUE_A &#x3D; &quot;QA&quot;;
    public static final String QUEUE_B &#x3D; &quot;QB&quot;;
    public static final String Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE &#x3D; &quot;Y&quot;;
    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE &#x3D; &quot;QD&quot;;

    &#x2F;&#x2F; 声明 xExchange
    @Bean(&quot;xExchange&quot;)
    public DirectExchange xExchange()&#123;
        return new DirectExchange(X_EXCHANGE);
    &#125;
    &#x2F;&#x2F; 声明 xExchange
    @Bean(&quot;yExchange&quot;)
    public DirectExchange yExchange()&#123;
        return new DirectExchange(Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
    &#125;

    &#x2F;&#x2F;声明队列 A ttl 为 10s 并绑定到对应的死信交换机
    @Bean(&quot;queueA&quot;)
    public Queue queueA()&#123;
        Map&lt;String, Object&gt; args &#x3D; new HashMap&lt;&gt;(3);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-exchange&quot;, Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-routing-key&quot;, &quot;YD&quot;);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明队列的 TTL
        args.put(&quot;x-message-ttl&quot;, 10000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_A).withArguments(args).build();
    &#125;

    &#x2F;&#x2F;声明队列 B ttl 为 40s 并绑定到对应的死信交换机
    @Bean(&quot;queueB&quot;)
    public Queue queueB()&#123;
        Map&lt;String, Object&gt; args &#x3D; new HashMap&lt;&gt;(3);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明当前队列绑定的死信交换机
        args.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-exchange&quot;, Y_DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明当前队列的死信路由 key
        args.put(&quot;x-dead-letter-routing-key&quot;, &quot;YD&quot;);
        &#x2F;&#x2F;声明队列的 TTL
        args.put(&quot;x-message-ttl&quot;, 40000);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_B).withArguments(args).build();
    &#125;


    @Bean
    public Binding queueBindingx(@Qualifier(&quot;queueA&quot;) Queue queueA,
                                 @Qualifier(&quot;xExchange&quot;) DirectExchange exchange)&#123;
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA).to(exchange).with(&quot;XA&quot;);

    &#125;

    &#x2F;&#x2F;声明队列 B 绑定 X 交换机
    @Bean
    public Binding queuebBindingX(@Qualifier(&quot;queueB&quot;) Queue queue1B,
                                  @Qualifier(&quot;xExchange&quot;) DirectExchange xExchange)&#123;
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue1B).to(xExchange).with(&quot;XB&quot;);
    &#125;

    &#x2F;&#x2F;声明死信队列 QD
    @Bean(&quot;queueD&quot;)
    public Queue queueD()&#123;
        return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE);
    &#125;
    &#x2F;&#x2F;声明死信队列 QD 绑定关系
    @Bean
    public Binding deadLetterBindingQAD(@Qualifier(&quot;queueD&quot;) Queue queueD,
                                        @Qualifier(&quot;yExchange&quot;) DirectExchange yExchange)&#123;
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueD).to(yExchange).with(&quot;YD&quot;);
    &#125;

&#125;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>4.写生产者代码和消费者代码。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;生产者代码，生产者需要使用boot提供的Templat类
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping(&quot;ttl&quot;)
@RestController
public class SendMsgController &#123;
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @GetMapping(&quot;sendMsg&#x2F;&#123;message&#125;&quot;)
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message)&#123;
        log.info(&quot;当前时间：&#123;&#125;,发送一条信息给两个 TTL 队列:&#123;&#125;&quot;, new Date(), message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(&quot;X&quot;, &quot;XA&quot;, &quot;消息来自 ttl 为 10S 的队列: &quot;+message);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(&quot;X&quot;, &quot;XB&quot;, &quot;消息来自 ttl 为 40S 的队列: &quot;+message);
    &#125;
&#125;

&#x2F;&#x2F;消费者代码 消费者代码需要绑定监听队列
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DeadLetterQueueConsumer &#123;
    @RabbitListener(queues &#x3D; &quot;QD&quot;)
    public void receiveD(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException &#123;
        String msg &#x3D; new String(message.getBody());
        log.info(&quot;当前时间：&#123;&#125;,收到死信队列信息&#123;&#125;&quot;, new Date().toString(), msg);
    &#125;
&#125;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>最后测试结果：</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C.png" alt="image-20220410174331972"></p>
<p>结果分析，这样虽然能够实现一个延时队列，但是我们只要没增加一个新的时间需求，就要增加一个队列，这只有两个时间的选择，万一后面时间的要求更多，那不是就要重新设置队列。</p>
<p><strong>优化</strong></p>
<p>因为上面这种队列具有局限性，所以我们可以创建一个不设置TTL值的队列，但是消息的延时</p>
<p>我们设计由生产按照时间发送。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java">&#x2F;&#x2F;生产者代码
@GetMapping(&quot;sendExpirationMsg&#x2F;&#123;message&#125;&#x2F;&#123;ttlTime&#125;&quot;)
public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message,@PathVariable
     	              String ttlTime) &#123;
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(&quot;X&quot;, &quot;XC&quot;, message,correlationData -&gt;&#123;
             &#x2F;&#x2F;这里设置过期时间
        correlationData.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(ttlTime);
        return correlationData;
    &#125;);
    log.info(&quot;当前时间：&#123;&#125;,发送一条时长&#123;&#125;毫秒 TTL 信息给队列 C:&#123;&#125;&quot;, new 
             Date(),ttlTime, message);
&#125;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>但是：因为队列是先进先出。因为 RabbitMQ 只会检查第一个消息是否过期，如果过期则丢到死信队列， 如果第一个消息的延时时长很长，而第二个消息的延时时长很短，第二个消息并不会优先得到执行。</p>
<p><strong>再次优化</strong></p>
<p>因为队列的先进先出的原因所以，不能发送大量的消息，但是rabbitmq提供一个插件，让其可以在<strong>交换机上延时，而不是在队列上</strong>。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/modest2001/img/raw/master/yygh/rabbitmq%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6.png" alt="image-20220410215230584"></p>

                
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                        <span class="card-title">《java并发编程的艺术》第三章总结3</span>
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                            双重检查锁定和延迟初始化
                        
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